Background and purpose: Mortality caused by the epidemic of the Covid-19 virus disease and facing one of the certain facts of existence, i. e. death, increased the prevalence of Existential depression. The aim of the present study was to determine the effectiveness of Existential psychotherapy on Existential loneliness and attitude towards death in clients with Existential depression. Research method: The current research was in the applied research group in terms of its purpose and in terms of methodology, it was a semi-experimental type of pre-test-post-test-3-month follow-up with a control group. The statistical population included all women and men with Existential depression who had referred to counseling centers and psychological services in Isfahan city in the first 6 months of 2022. 24 references (13 women and 11 men) were selected by purposeful sampling and randomly assigned to two experimental (12 people) and control (12 people) groups. May and Yalom's (1989) Existential psychotherapy protocol was performed only for the experimental group during 10 weekly sessions of 120 minutes, and the control group was placed on the waiting list and received free psychological counseling sessions after the end of the research. Subjects were evaluated in 3 stages (pre-test, post-test and 3-month follow-up) with the Existential loneliness questionnaire by Myers, Kho and Swatberg (2002) and the revised version of the death attitude profile questionnaire by Wong, Picker and Geisser (1994). Data analysis was done with repeated measures analysis of variance using SPSS-28 software.

BACKGRUND AND OBJECTIVES: Existentialism is one of the traditional schools in contemporary philosophy and has been able to open its place in many fields of humanities such as literature, art and especially psychology. Psychological theorists and thinkers have offered different views and approaches in this regard. Yalom is a contemporary Existential psychotherapist who helps people deal with life issues such as isolation, alienation, meaninglessness (fear), fear of death, pain and suffering. In his theory of psychotherapy, the question of the meaning of life is the most important and necessary component that is the basis of his psychotherapy. In this research, we try to study the Existential meaning and ways to achieve the meaning of life, as well as to provide solutions to deal with the problem of meaninglessness in Saadi Park and Golestan. METHODOLOGY: The method of collecting library information and the method of organizing it is descriptive-analytical. In this research, books, articles and existing researches about Saadi and Yalom and other written sources in this field have been used. The study area and society are Saadi Park and Golestan, edited by Gholam Hossein Yousefi and translated works (Sepideh Habib) by Ervin Yalom, a contemporary psychotherapist. FINDINGS: The research findings indicate that despite the cultural, temporal and spatial differences, both thinkers in almost the same language and manner seek to provide solutions to achieve the true meaning of life and get rid of emptiness and emptiness. They are semantic. One of these strategies is moral values. For Sa’ adi, life is inherently absurd and meaningless, but it has a considerable value that man himself is the creator of, and it depends on the observance of a series of moral principles CONCLUSION: Sa’ adi tries to learn to think about the meaning of life. His goal is to guide man towards moral virtues and create meaning in life; Provided that we are ready to accept hardships and suffer in the face of adversity as part of the process of finding meaning. The words that arise from Saadi's heart are sincere and deep enough for man to see the slightest hint of deception in it. His words are still practical and valuable after several centuries, just as the student turns to the teacher for the activity he is involved in. Existential turmoil should refer to Saadi's works and by reflecting on his sayings and poems and applying these points in themselves to obtain a state that is useful for improving life and getting rid of emptiness. Therefore, the more a person pays attention to his quality of life and moral values such as sacrifice, kindness, benevolence, forgiveness and altruism, the more meaningful life will be for him.

Then main purpose of the present study was to develop the Existential psychotherapy components in accordance with Mowlana’s thoughts. The research design was qualitative one and the methodology applied was Inductive Analysis. According to the meaning frame extracted, the main incentive in human species life is proximity of the divine other- God. The psychotherapical components proposed by the present study claims that any interruption in the divine relationships can be the major cause of mental disorders. The components derived are: 1) types of neglect; 2) personal worldview; 3) exploration of angst/ angoisse, anxiety, depression, and their ontological relatives; 4) attention in awareness levels; 5) explanation of life pain; 6) freedom and responsibility; 7) intervention in vivo. Now it can be concluded according to the results from the present study that in addition to opening new directions in different fields of psychology, namely, religion psychology, and psychopathology, this work can be considered as a multidisciplinary study which helps to have an understanding of human on religious basis.

Background and Objectives: Infertility, particularly female infertility, can threat women's psychological health. Spiritual health can play a significant role in increasing people's abilities especially in tough conditions. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of psychotherapy on Existential health in infertile women. Methods: The study population of this experimental controlled study with pretest-post-test consisted of infertile women referring to the Gynecology and Infertility Clinic of Dehdasht from late June 2015 to late September 2015. First, the samples were selected by convenience sampling; after the Spirituality Component of the Lifestyle Questionnaire, they were randomized to two groups of 12 each: experimental and control. The experimental group attended eight sessions of Existential psychotherapy and control group attended no intervention. Data analysis was conducted by covariance analysis in SPSS 18. Results: Existential psychotherapy caused promotion of spiritual health in the infertile women. Conclusion: This study indicated that Existential psychotherapy is important to infertile women's spiritual health. It is therefore recommended to use Existential psychotherapy to promote spiritual health in such women.

In most of the Existential philosophy texts, the interpersonal and close relationships have been studied. Therefore, to the enhancement, interpersonal relationships testing psychotherapies elicited from such a philosophy is quite significant. However, which method is the most effective on this ground? The purpose of this research is to study the comparison of the effectiveness of Existential, cognitive-Existential and humanistic-Existential group psychotherapy on behavioral self-regulation for effective relationships among type II diabetes and obesity in women. The method of the research was experimental and its experimental design includes the pretest, post-test and two-month follow-up test with experimental and control parallel groups. Cases of this study included women with co-morbidity type II diabetes and obesity referring to the Specialist Diabetes Clinic of Tohid Hospital in Sanandaj in the first three months of 2019. After screening the level of behavioral self-regulation for effective relationships, 32 subjects were selected by simple random sampling method from this society and were assigned to three experimental and one control group by substitutive random method. The data were collected based on the scale of behavioral self-regulation for effective relationships Wilson, Charker, Lizzio, Halford & Kimlin (2005). After the pre-test, the experimental groups participated in 120-minute sessions for 9 weeks. Data were analyzed by the statistical test of repeated measures of the General Linear Model and the SPSS software. The results of repeated measures analysis showed that the effect of the cognitive-Existential intervention on relationship self-change behaviors was significant and stable compared to the control group (P-value = 0. 001). Cognitive-Existential intervention can significantly and consistently effect on relationship self-change behaviors in women with co-morbidity type II diabetes and obesity. The findings indicate the benefit of applying a cognitive-Existential method to counseling and psychotherapy, but there are some ambiguities to be addressed in this article.

Background and Aim: Many problems are associated with infertility diagnosis, especially for women. Resiliency is one of the strategies which may reduce psychological distress of infertile women. The aim of current research was to study the effectiveness of Existential psychotherapy in increasing the resiliency of infertile women.Method: The design of the present study was a semi-experimental research with pretest and posttest with control group. Statistical population consisted of all infertile women of Dehdasht, Iran, in the summer of 2014. Samples were selected at first by available sampling method and after completing resiliency questionnaire, and obtaining score for enter to research, were placement using random sampling method in two experimental and control groups (N=8 per group). The experimental group participated in 8 sessions of group counseling based on Existential approach and control group received no intervention. The gathered data were analyzed using covariance analysis.Results: The results showed that significant differences between the pre-test and post-test scores of the experimental group existed. This difference was significant at the level of 0.01. Therefore, it seemed that Existential psychotherapy increased the resiliency of infertile women.Conclusion: The results revealed that Existential psychotherapy increased resiliency of infertile women and interventions based on this approach will lead to the improvement of the mental health.

Background and Objective: Infertility often emerges as an unexpected crisis for couples, bringing about significant emotional distress and challenges. This experience can affect the mental health and quality of life of individuals, leading to feelings of isolation, anxiety, and depression.  Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of Intensive Short-Term Dynamic psychotherapy (ISTDP) and Existential Therapy (ET) on self-compassion and Existential anxiety in infertile women in Yazd city in 2023. Material and Methods: In a quasi-experimental research design of the pretest, posttest, and follow-up type with two experimental groups and one control group, 60 infertile women from the target population were selected using the purposive sampling method and randomly assigned to the ISTDP, ET, and control groups. For the experimental groups, Intensive Short-Term Dynamic psychotherapy and Existential Therapy programs were implemented in 8 sessions of 45 minutes, but the control group did not receive any intervention. The Self-Compassion Scale (SCS)-Short Form (2011) and the Existential Anxiety Scale (1974) were used to collect data. Data were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) conducted with SPSS software version 27.0. Results: The results showed a significant difference between the ISTDP and ET groups compared to the control group (P<0.001). The effectiveness of ISTDP and ET on improving self-compassion (F=44.40, P<0.001, η2= 0.43) and reducing Existential anxiety (F=46.38, P<0.001, η2= 0.45) in infertile women was significant, and the effects of the treatments remained stable at the follow-up stage. No significant difference was observed between the two ISTDP and ET treatments. Conclusion: The findings of this study demonstrate that both Intensive ISTDP and ET are effective in significantly enhancing self-compassion and reducing Existential anxiety among infertile women compared to a control group. These positive effects were maintained at the follow-up assessment, suggesting the enduring benefits of both therapeutic approaches.

Introduction: The main objective of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of Existential group psychotherapy on depression in nulliparous women with postpartum depression.Materials & methods: This is an applied study that was conducted by a quasi-experimental. For this purpose, 100 primiparous women in their first six months delivery completed the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) by the phone.32 women that weren't at risk for postpartum depression, were excluded. Of the remaining 68 mothers, finally, by the clinical interview, 26 subjects (age: 29.23M=; 39.2SD =) achieved the Inclusion criteria. Then, they were appointed in control and experimental groups by random assignment. Members who attended in experimental group achieved 10 sessions of weekly group therapy by Existential method,   but the control group received no intervention. Finally, members of both groups completed   Edinburgh Postnatal Depression scale (EPDS).Findings: The results of comparing post-test of depression scores in two groups with using analysis of covariance by controlling the effect  variables showed that there were significant differences in Depression scores in intervention group and the control group (05.0p <, 86.12 = (2,28) F).Discussion & Conclusions: Thus, based on the findings of this study it can be said that the method of Existential group psychotherapy decreased depressive symptoms in nulliparous women with postpartum depression.